Artículos Académicos y de Investigación
Permanent URI for this community
Browse
Browsing Artículos Académicos y de Investigación by Issue Date
Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Piper aduncum polyphenols and flavonoids enhance gut health, immune and anti-inflammatory activity and performance indices of broiler chickens(Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2025) Paredes-Lopez D.M.; Robles-Huaynate R.A.; Perales-Camacho R.A.; Alania-Santiago C.V.; Diaz-Gonzales J.P.; Aldava-Pardave U.High-level use of antibiotics as grow promotors in animal nutrition in the last six decades has pushed to bacterial resistance to these molecules. The search for alternative ways including plants extracts, essential oils or phytochemicals to tackle this problem is increasing nowadays. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Piper aduncum polyphenols (PaP) and flavonoids (PaF) on broiler chicken gut health. 396 Cobb 500 broiler chickens aged 1–33 d old were fed a base diet (BD). Birds were randomly divided into two control (C) and four supplementations (S) groups. C1 was fed with BD and C2 with BD + 50 ppm zinc bacitracin. S1 and S2 were supplemented with 17.5 and 35.0 ppm PaP, whereas S3 and S4 were supplemented with 17.5 and 35.0 ppm PaF of the diet, respectively and sub ministered in drinking water from 1–21 d of age. The in vivo gut microbiota at 21 and 28 d of age, gut villi histomorphometry at 7, 14, and 21 d and performance indices at 7, 21 and 33 d were evaluated. Data was processed using a general factorial arrangement. PaP and PaF supplementation, increased lymphocytes and globulins in chickens at 14 d of age (p < 0.05), at the same time erythrocytes, granulocytes, and ALT profiles decreased at 21 d of age (p < 0.05). Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus abundance (log10 CFU/g) decreased, Lactobacillus sp. was enhanced in ileal mucosa and content of chickens at 21 d old on supplementation 35.0 ppm PaP, 17.5 and 35.0 ppm of PaF (p < 0.05) and villi length increased with the age of chickens supplemented 17.5 ppm of PaP, 17.5 and 35.0 ppm of PaF (p < 0.05). As a result, PaP and PaF maintain weight gain and feed conversion rate, reduce feed intake and improve carcass yield overall in the three stages of broiler chickens. In conclusion, PaP and PaF enhanced gut health, the immune and anti-inflammatory activity, and performance indices of broiler chickens. Copyright © 2025 Paredes-Lopez, Robles-Huaynate, Perales-Camacho, Alania-Santiago, Diaz-Gonzales and Aldava-Pardave.Item Ingestive behaviour, performance, and methane emissions of pregnant alpacas grazing cultivated pastures in the high Peruvian Andes(Livestock Science, 2025) Gualdrón-Duarte, Laura B.; Loza, Cecilia; Gere, José I.; Huanca-Marca, Nancy F.; Franco, Francisco E.; Uscamayta, Yemi Sanca; García-Ticllacuri, Rubén; Ligas, Guadalupe Orellana; López, Diannett Benito; Pachiño, Feliciano Rivera; Moscoso-Muñoz, Juan E.; Díaz-Céspedes, Medardo A.; Collazos Paucar, Lizbeth L.; Pinares-Patiño, César S.; Vélez-Marroquín, Víctor M.; Cabezas-García, Edward H.This study compares grazing patterns, animal performance, and enteric methane emissions (CH4) of female alpacas (Huacaya and Suri) at two periods of their late pregnancy. Animals were rotationally grazed on a mixed sward at high Peruvian Andes conditions. This study involved two experimental periods (P1 and P2), each lasting 26 days. P1 took place in November 2021, corresponding to the end of dry season (‘Transition period’), whereas P2 was conducted in January 2022, with this coinciding with the beginning of rainy season (‘Wet period’). Forage selectivity was measured using hand plucking of forage harvested, whereas grazing behaviour was recorded by visual observation. Dry matter intake (DMI) was estimated from total faecal collection and in vitro forage digestibility. Fleece characteristics were measured following standard procedures adopted by the local industry. The sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) gas-tracer technique was used to estimate CH4 emissions. Data were analysed by a repeated measures model including both alpaca variety and period as fixed effects, whereas alpaca within variety was considered as random. No differences were detected among alpaca varieties either in terms of forage selectivity, grazing behaviour (except for biting rate) or feed intake. Regardless of period, grasses were the main dietary components (≥ 78 %). The proportion of leaves consumed lowered from 84 to 70% and presence of both legumes and herbs increased during P2. Increased nutritional requirements prior to parturition in conjunction with reduced forage quality and DMI (P = 0.004) during P2 led to negative energy and protein balances. This was aligned with increases in fibre growth and diameter, prior to parturition (P ≤ 0.035). Suri displayed faster fibre growth than Huacaya (P = 0.005). Although Huacaya females tended to emit more enteric CH4 per unit of metabolic live weight than Suri (P = 0.056), this was not reflected either on variety differences in emissions per unit of intake or fleece produced. On average, CH4 intensity decreased from 0.805 (P1) to 0.530 g/kg clean fleece at P2 (P = 0.032). Results are valuable towards fine-tuning the effect of pregnancy for sustainable alpaca farming. © 2025 The AuthorsItem The floriculture as an alternative crop: Descriptive analysis, artificial intelligence modeling, scenario analysis and economic analysis(Scientia Agropecuaria, 2025) Coaguila-Rodriguez, Peter; Pocomucha-Poma, Vicente Serapio; Cerna-Cueva, Alberto FrancoFloriculture is a sector of growing global importance, contributing to employment generation, income creation, and the promotion of biodiversity and sustainability. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing the adoption of floriculture as an alternative crop in the province of Leoncio Prado, Peru, and to assess its economic viability. A total of 269 farmers were surveyed, analyzing attitudes, land suitability, and socioeconomic and environmental factors. Influential factors were identified using descriptive analysis, chi-square tests, and logistic regression (p < 0.1). Additionally, multiple machine learning algorithms (Decision Trees, Logistic Regression, KNN, SVM, Ensemble, Neural Networks, Naive Bayes) with cross-validation (k = 5) and AUC metrics were employed to model adoption intentions. Scenarios were developed to increase the willingness to adopt floriculture, and an economic analysis of eight tropical species (Red Ginger, Anthurium, Emperor's Staff, Heliconia, Gardenia, Parrot's Beak, Golden Heliconias, Maracas) was conducted. The results reveal that willingness to change crops, participation in awareness campaigns, allocation of areas for conservation, and cost control are key factors. The neural network model achieved an AUC of 83.3%, and improved scenarios indicate that adoption could increase by up to 11.32%. Red Ginger demonstrated high profitability (NPV S/10428; IRR 51%; PBP 0.7 years). In conclusion, floriculture represents an economically and environmentally viable alternative that contributes to agricultural diversification and sustainability. © 2025 Universidad Nacional de Trujillo. All rights reserved.Item Native Microbial Consortia: A Sustainable Strategy for Improving the Quality of Forest Seedlings in the Peruvian Amazon(Forests, 2025) Amaringo-Cordova, Luiz Paulo; Mori-Montero, Cesar; Padilla-Castro, Cesar; Ocaña-Reyes, Jimmy A.; Riveros-Lizana, Christian; Camacho-Villalobos, Alina Alexandra; Solórzano-Acosta, RichardForest plantations represent an alternative to reduce timber extraction pressure in the Amazonian forests. In order to tolerate the hostile field conditions of deforested areas, high-quality seedlings are required. This study aimed to find the optimal dose of a native microbial consortium (NMC), which enhances seedling quality indicators, in three forest species at nursery phase. A completely randomized design (3 × 5) was used. Factor 1: Bolaina blanca (Guazuma crinita Mart.), Capirona (Calycophyllum spruceanum Benth. Hook. f.), and Marupa (Simarouba amara Aubl.). Factor 2: Incremental doses of 0, 160, 320, 480, and 640 mL NMC per plant. The nursery survival (%), robustness index, root height/length ratio, shoot–root index, Dickson Quality Index (DQI), Nitrogen (%), Phosphorus (%), and Potassium (%) content in tissues were analyzed. Statistical analyses consisted of two-way ANOVA per variable and correlation analysis. The results indicated that increasing doses of NMC did not improve nursery survival for any species; did not decrease the robustness index, plant height/root length ratio, or the shoot–root index for any species; and did not increase the DQI, P%, or K% for any species; however, they did increase the N% for all species. In conclusion, the incremental dose of 160 mL was chosen for increasing the N% without affecting nursery survival. © 2025 by the authors.Item MultiProduct Optimization of Cedrelinga cateniformis (Ducke) Ducke in Different Plantation Systems in the Peruvian Amazon(Forests, 2025) Baselly-Villanueva, Juan Rodrigo; Fernández-Sandoval, Andrés; Salazar Hinostroza, Evelin Judith; Cárdenas Rengifo, Gloria Patricia; Puerta, Ronald; Trigoso, Tony Steven Chuquizuta; Rufasto-Peralta, Yennifer Lisbeth; Vallejos-Torres, Geomar; Casas, Gianmarco Goycochea; Araújo Junior, Carlos Alberto; Quiñónez-Barraza, Gerónimo; Álvarez-Álvarez, Pedro; Leite, Helio GarcíaThis study addressed multi-product optimization in Cedrelinga cateniformis plantations in the Peruvian Amazon, aiming to maximize volumetric yields of logs and sawn lumber. Data from seven plantations of different ages and types, established on degraded land, were analyzed by using ten stem profile models to predict taper and optimize wood use. In addition, the structure of each plantation was evaluated using diameter distributions and height–diameter ratios; log and sawn timber production was optimized using SigmaE 2.0 software. The Garay model proved most effective, providing high predictive accuracy (adjusted R2 values up to 0.963) and biological realism. Marked differences in volumetric yield were observed between plantations: older and more widely spaced plantations produced higher timber volumes. Logs of optimal length (1.83–3.05 m) and larger dimension wood (e.g., 25.40 × 5.08 cm) were identified as key contributors to maximizing volumetric yields. The highest yields were observed in mature plantations, in which the total log volume reached 508.1 m3ha−1 and the sawn lumber volume 333.6 m3ha−1. The findings demonstrate the power of data-driven decision-making in the timber industry. By combining precise modeling and optimization techniques, we developed a framework that enables sawmill operators to maximize log and lumber yields. The insights gained from this research can be used to improve operational efficiency and reduce waste, ultimately leading to increased profitability. These practices promote support for smallholders and the forestry industry while contributing to the long-term development of the Peruvian Amazon. © 2025 by the authors.
